Safe hydrogen gas?

Scientists and engineers are always looking for new ways to improve things. From improving technology to the process behind creating something, they always look for ways to make things more efficient or safe.

Something clever was developed in a research facility in Japan that could easily improve the way humans can obtain energy. We've known for a while now that hydrogen gas was an excellent energy source. However, the storing of hydrogen gas is very difficult and dangerous because of its flammability.

http://footage.framepool.com/en/shot/103463576-electron-molecular-structure-hydrogen-atom

The research team in Japan developed a compound that...

• Takes the form of a lightweight, thin sheet
• Can absorb hydrogen gas through a relatively simple chemical process
• Lasts a long time
• Doesn't release a lot of the gas

This new sheet is easily moldable and extremely safe to handle. It's non-toxic and non-flammable, which makes it appealing to anyone looking to work with hydrogen gas safely.  

This is one of many inventions, developed by engineers and scientists, that attempt to improve the world in a small way.

-Danny

Waseda University. "Hydrogen in your pocket? New plastic for carrying and storing hydrogen: Polymer addresses safety and energy loss." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 28 November 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161128131524.htm>

Prompt #5

N.S.B.E

NSBE stands for - National Society of Black Engineers.

These engineers were just like us at one point young engineers. The community predominately black and all attended Michigan State.  During the meeting, they were explaining the meaning of this organization. They said, there mission is to increase the number of culturally responsible Black engineers who excel academically, succeed professionally and positively impact the community.

  The National Society of Black Engineers strives to accomplish,

• Stimulate and develop student interest in the various engineering disciplines
• Strive to increase the number of minority students studying engineering at both the undergraduate and graduate levels 
• Encourage members to seek advanced degrees in engineering or related fields and to obtain professional engineering registrations
• Promote public awareness of engineering and the opportunities for Blacks and other minorities in that profession
• Function as a representative body on issues and developments that affect the careers of Black Engineers 

  NSBE has given engineers good job opportunities. 20+ companies had internships from this organization.

 

Prompt #6

There aren't too many arguments about the importance of engineering as a whole. However, ethical debates can arise in specific engineering subjects.

Weapons engineering and developing government spy technology is among the most widely argued aspects of engineering. There are plenty of supporters looking to invent and improve upon military firearms, bombs, and other types of weaponry. They argue the importance of strengthening our military and police force, stating that better weapons in their hands would make the world a safer place. They also promote the idea of developing drones and specialized satellite technology to monitor other nations. This is to prevent and/or catch obvious terrorist threats and to possibly monitor the internet interactions of terrorist groups, such as ISIS, that recruit people outside the middle east.

On the other hand, some argue that increased weaponry will only lead to more violence. They would not support engineers that look to improve weapons of any sort. Generally, they view war as extremely unethical and that improving guns or military vehicles only encourages the thoughts of war.

There's also argument about the spying of other nations. Many see this as a breach of privacy to other nations. Conducting drone surveillance would have to require the permission of those nations, according to these supporters. There are engineers looking to develop faster, less noisy drones and possibly even ones that are difficult to detect in the air. Opponents of this type of development see that as a major breach of ethics because they believe governments should be aware of the surveillance conducted on their soil.

Plenty of engineers are faced with moral dilemmas such as these. We see arguments that prevent engineers from improving certain kinds of technology every day. There's always arguments that "they're just doing their jobs" and plenty of support and disagreement with so many different subjects. Yet, no matter how they choose to proceed engineers must realize that many of their actions can cause real political and social consequences.
-Danny


El-Zein, Abbas. "As Engineers, We Must Consider the Ethical Implications of Our Work | Abbas El-Zein." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 05 Dec. 2013. Web. 27 Nov. 2016. <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/05/engineering-moral-effects-technology-impact>.

Uber Ready

While autonomous cars have not exactly taken over, there is one company that is looking to be a catalyst. The leading Stranger-Aren't-Dangerous transport company, Uber, is looking to eventually replace all of their barely-qualified drivers with, well, no one. The self-driving cars would be cheaper for the company, safer for the passengers, and better in terms of insurance, legality, and taxes.

Are We There Yet?

Uber's first Self Driving delivery in Pittsburg, PA

The science behind the autonomous driver is still in its puppy stage. The technology uses sonar camera's, and GPS to maneuver the car to its desired destination. Electric car manufacturer Tesla already have self-driving technology in their cars, but its not the "real-deal". Tesla cars are able to drive for a maximum of 15 minutes, before human input is requested and required to continue.


Should Uber Slow Their Roll?
Uber brush over the fact that technology may not be ready, and have set a goal to have all Uber vehicles be self-driving by the end of 2017. Other than the fact that this will leave a lot of people without a second (or only) job, it will require an investment in autonomous cars to get the technology in a position where such a thing can happen.



Under the Hood
The cars have at least 8 sonar detection cameras that are all placed in a location to do different jobs. Some cameras are used collaboratively with GPS to assure the car is between the yellow and white line on the road. Others are used to detect other cars, street sings, pedestrians, and other objects. All data gathered from the cameras are sent to the main computing hub onboard the car. The automated steering wheel and gas pedals are then told what to do.

Writer: Pat Wilkinson

Parrish, Kristen. "LIDAR, Cameras, Radars, ACTION! The Road to Autonomous Vehicles." LIDAR, Cameras, Radars, ACTION! The Road to Autonomous Vehicles - TI Live @... - Blogs - TI E2E Community. Texas Instruments, 17 Mar. 2015. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.

Beating the Clock

Rallying.

A form of motorsport respected all across the world. It involves race-spec street cars ripping through forests, over mountains, across desserts, and in snow in a race against the clock. The Professional level of this sport is called The World Rally Championship, or the WRC. This series takes the best rally drivers in the world to the most difficult roads in the world, in an all out battle against the clock, and overall, against each other.

The cars usually average over 80mph on the most difficult roads in the world, but that speed is about to get higher. All Rally cars are mandated by the governing body of the WRC. The cars are only allowed to produce a certain amount of power, and a certain amount of downforce. This limits the speed, and regulates the safety of the sport.

For the 2017 WRC Season, the limits on power and downforce is being loosened. The cars will now be able to produce up to 380bhp (Up from 320), and will be allowed to be 55cm wider. This leaves more space for more wing, adding more downforce, making the car go faster. On top of this, cars will also be 25 kg (about 55lbs) lighter, again, increasing speed.

The Difference

The difference is seriously noticeable. Through 9 tests that the Citroen WRC Team has conducted so far, the cars are about 5 seconds faster per mile.

With this new speed, comes increasing concern in the safety of the sport. The cars today are already drifting and jumping at dangerous speeds  on roads only as wide as the cars themselves are long.

One thing is for sure, the 2017 WRC season will be something to see.

Writer: Pat Wilkinson

wrc.com

Not Your Average Prius

It is no secret that when you here the word "Hybrid", the picture below is the first thing that comes into mind. This is the case because the Prius (Pictured below), was the first mass-produced, record-breaking, cheap, hybrid vehicle.

This car is heavily criticized, and is the center of many jokes. This is because of its lack of power, its less-than-aggressive styling, and its super economical ("green") ways.

For many people, this car is exclusively driven by Environmentalists, and people who could care less about their vehicles sex appeal.

A common slogan for the Prius is, "I'd rather be dead than seen in one of those". But really, what is everyone so upset about?

What is a Hybrid Car?
A Hybrid car is a vehicle that has both a gasoline engine, and an electric engine onboard. The Gasoline engine is small, and extremely efficient, but lacks any sort of power. Luckily, this engine is only used to assist the electric  motor. The engine is only used at certain times, maximizing efficiency. Often, the electric motor is charged automatically, making hybrid cars require only small amounts of gasoline.


The electric motor is charged by recovering energy lost under braking. When a car is attempting to break, all engine power is going to waste as it is not needed. In hybrids, this energy is taken and stored in a battery that the electric motor can then use.

While this car may be slow, un-appealing, and the center of jokes, it was a breakthrough in modern engineering that opened the door for many new designs.

What the Prius Inspired
The Prius broke new ground, and the exact same technology in the Prius is used in car that may shock you...

 McLaren P1
The P1 is a 903bhp Hybrid Supercar made by British automaker and F1 Team McLaren. Like the Prius, the P1 uses a gasoline engine and an electric motor at different times, but this time, to maximize speed. Again, the electric motor is kinetically charged under braking, but produces 177bhp on its own, more than the amount produced by both engines in the Prius.

 Porsche 918
It's the same story at German automaker Porsche. The 918's gasoline engine produces 608bhp, less than the P1. But, the Porsche, has two electric motors, used the same way, but producing 279bhp. Like the McLaren above and the Ferrari below, the Porsche can break 210mph, and can corner as hard as a typical airplane.



Ferrari La Ferrari
Named after.. uh... itself, the La Ferrari (from Italian automaker Ferrari) carries a 789bhp gasoline engine, but uses its onboard electric motor slightly differently. The motor is charged just like the others, but instead of being automatically implemented, it is accessed by a button that says "KERS" on the steering wheel. Which stands for "Kinetic Energy Recovery System". This provides a boost of 161bhp from the electric motor at, literally, the touch of a finger. Technology taken from both the Prius and Formula 1. Never thought those two names would be included in the same sentence, did you.

Writer: Pat Wilkinson

topgear.com
wikipedia.com

Airplane Maintenance Documentary

Surprisingly, most of the construction for aircrafts is not done by mechanics/technicians that work for airplane companies themselves. The majority of the work is usually done by small, family-owned businesses. Along with mechanics and technicians, plenty of different types of engineers work together to assemble various parts of the plane. Some of those engineers include...

• Aerospace
• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Computer Systems
• Materials Science

There are over 4700 of those small repair facilities around the world, employing almost half a million people. The job of these maintenance employees is extremely important for the safety of every single passenger that flies on a plane. 

Each plane has to be constructed perfectly to ensure nothing goes wrong during its flight. Basically every individual part of the plane is constructed separately, designed and put together by several engineers and mechanics. They have to take extreme caution and test their work many times. The process is similar to that of building an automobile, and maybe even more significant considering larger planes can carry hundreds of passengers on board. 

The work of these engineers are extremely important, and a lot of the specific designing and product testing is extremely complex. Without the knowledge and care of these people, flying would be completely unreliable and unsafe. I encourage anyone interested in learning how planes are made to watch the short documentary. 

-Danny

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OEt6SkdA4M

Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineers design, develop, and test electrical equipment. They deal with things like...

• electric motors
• radar
• navigation systems
• communications systems
• power generation equipment
• automobiles and aircrafts

Electronics engineers design and develop all kinds of equipment. This ranges anywhere portable music players to large scale applications like global positioning systems (GPSs). Many also work in areas closely related to computer hardware.

Electrical engineering is a broad area of engineering that has sever sub-specialties within it.

• Power Engineering
• Control Engineering
• Electronics/Microelectronics
• Computers
• Etc.

They use basic physics and circuitry principles to design electronic components, software, products, or systems for commercial, industrial, medical, military, or scientific applications.

The average pay is around $98,000, which is slightly higher than the engineering field average overall. If you find yourself interested in computer science and how electricity powers almost every device around us, electrical engineering might definitely appeal to you.

-Danny

Source: http://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electrical-and-electronics-engineers.htm#tab-5

Plastics Engineering

Plastics Engineering

Plastics engineering encompasses the processing, design, development, and manufacture of plastics products.  Plastic is a polymeric material that is in a semi-liquid state, having the property of plasticity and exhibiting flow. Plastics engineering encompasses plastics material and plastic machinery.

Materials engineers may choose to specialize in plastics. The field of plastics engineering involves the application of scientific and engineering principles to the development of a wide variety of polymer products. From airplane wings to golf clubs and a host of goods in between, a plastics engineer solves material-related problems with the goal of designing and developing products with improved performance and durability.

Plastics engineers may find careers in government, academia and the manufacturing industry. Typical job titles may include materials research engineer, production planner, process engineer or plastic product designer. Plastic materials poses challenges to an engineer. Plastics are often difficult to quantify, and the plastics engineer has to design a product that meets certain specifications while keeping costs to a minimum.

A plastics engineer requires a broad of knowledge. Students in a plastics engineering program study subjects such as chemistry, physics and mathematics. Degrees in materials science and engineering may be found from the associate's to the doctoral level.

Mechanical Engineering

Cars, airplanes, robots, computers, battleships. What do all of these have in common? They were all likely designed, constructed, or improved by mechanical engineers. Pretty much any "machine" or anything close to that, was made by the hands of a mechanical engineer. Mechanical engineering utilizes mathematics, physics, and much more, to create and reshape the world around us.

Core Areas

• Mechanics
• Calculus
• Thermodynamics
• Materials Science
• Structural Analysis
• Physics
• Electricity

While other fields of engineering are extremely specific to a certain thing. Mechanical engineering overlaps any different fields, and is much more broad. Because of this, ME's are required to know a variety of sciences, theorems, and ideas, that are also covered by multiple other engineering fields. ME's are most closely related to Automotive Engineers, and Aerospace engineers, due to the requirement of knowing materials, kinetics, and multiple sciences that end in "dynamics".

ME's are some of the highest paid engineers, with a starting salary that averages over $52,000, and an overall overage salary of $67,935*. While the pay is attractive, it doesn't come easy. Challenges, problems, and proposals that ME's deal with are some of the most advanced, and most crucial problems in everyday life. A typical day as an ME is often fast-paced, and full of high-pressure, time sensitive situations.

Skills That ME's Must Have

• Ability to work with hands
• Ability to work against the clock, under pressure
• Fast problem solving
• Strong knowledge of many sciences, etc.

While the field is not for everyone, it is a highly respected, and well payed field, and is responsible for some of the biggest breakthroughs and improvements in recent history.

http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Mechanical_Engineer/Salary

Writer: Pat Wilkinson

Process Engineering

Process Engineering

Process engineering focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization of chemical, physical, and biological processes. Process engineering encompasses a vast range of industries, such as chemical, petrochemical, agriculture, mineral processing, advanced material, food, pharmaceutical, software development and biotechnological industries.

 Process engineering involves translating the needs of the customer into typically production facilities that convert "raw materials" into value-added components that are transported to the next stage of the supply chain, typically "packaging engineering".

  Some larger volume processes such as petroleum refining tend to transfer the products into transportation trucks or rail that are then directed to distributors or bulk outlets. The design work of process engineering begins with a "block diagram" showing raw materials and the transformations/unit operations desired. The design work then progresses to a Process flow diagram (PFD) where material flow paths, storage equipment (such as tanks and silos), transformations/Unit Operations such as distillation columns, receiver/head tanks, mixing, separations, pumping.

Accomplishments made in Process Systems Engineering

• Process design: synthesis of energy recovery networks, synthesis of distillation systems, synthesis of reactor networks, hierarchical decomposition flow sheets, superstructure optimization, design multiproduct batch plants. Design of the production reactors for the production of plutonium, design of nuclear submarines.
• Process control: model predictive control, controllability measures, robust control, nonlinear control, statistical process control, process monitoring, thermodynamics-based control

Writing in Engineering

It's a common misconception that engineers only have to be good at math and science. In fact, most engineering jobs require a ton of writing. Writing in engineering can come in so many forms.

• Technical Memos
• Reports
• Professional Emails
• Research Papers
• Presentations

It's important to realize that writing skill is an extremely important one to grasp in most engineering jobs. College students looking to major in engineering should definitely keep this in mind.

In article written by Ron Smelser, he confesses that he too shared that same misconception as an undergrad engineer. After graduating and being exposed to a real company, he realized how important writing really is in the field. He claims that almost half of the time at his job is spent writing. He stresses the importance of continuing to develop your written communication skills throughout college.

Writing should definitely be stressed in all fields and in engineering especially, although many still don't realize it.

-Danny

Smelser, Ron E. "How to Build Better Engineers: A Practical Approach to the Mechanics of Text." National Writing Project. N.p., Sept.-Oct. 2001. Web. 18 Nov. 2016. <http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource/241>.

Image Source: https://uwaterloo.ca/mechanical-mechatronics-engineering-health-safety-environment/

Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering is a branch of engineering which deals with the optimization of complex processes, systems or organizations.

Many people are misled by the term industrial engineer. It's not just about manufacturing. It also encompasses service industries, with many ISEs employed in entertainment industries, shipping and logistics businesses, and healthcare organizations.

•  Industrial engineers work to eliminate waste of time, money, materials, man-hours, machine time, energy and other resources
• These engineers are normally concerned with the development, improvement integrated systems of people, money, information, etc..

Industrial engineers use computers extensively in their work. They simulate system operations, generate specifications for parts, produce and analyze designs. Industrial engineers usually work in factories, office or labs. Some spend time outdoors at production sites, or traveling to plants.

Prompt #4

Scholarly Articles vs. Popular Articles

When researching, it is common to come across two different types of information. While the two sources may reach the same conclusion, how they got there is important. Scholarly articles are based around the research or the experiments that the "scholar" does. While the topic could be the same, popular articles are written less professional, and often to a different reader.


An incredibly famous and respected magazine is Popular Mechanics. This magazine is a monthly update of breakthroughs in technology and engineering. But, as the name suggests, this is a popular article. The information inside is based on summaries or are conclusions to research or experiments someone else did. Because this is a magazine that can be found on the shelf at a market, it is aimed to be readable for just those type of people.

Popular Articles:

• Written by journalists for a general and wide audience.

• Are often shorter than Scholarly articles.

• Use simpler and less professional language.

• Often fail to fully cite sources.

The Journal of Engineering and Technology Research already sounds more promising than the former. This is an example of a Scholarly article, written by researches at Universities across the nation. The title sounds more technical for a reason. This is written by and for professionals, students, researches, etc. These are peer edited and revised by even more scholars, making it the most accurate source of information possible.

Scholarly Articles:

• Written by professionals in the field (Scholars)

• Often longer, and are based around experiments/research.

• Use technical language.

• Fully include sources.

Both forms of writing often reach the conclusion, and most of the time, both can also be trusted. Obviously, scholarly articles give more accurate and professional information, but have a higher reading and comprehension level than the former. Popular articles are not only easier to read, but are often more intriguing, and meant to blow your mind. While both are good, it is up to the reader ability and purpose to choose which one wins.

Writer: Pat Wilkinson

http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JETR

http://www.popularmechanics.com

Prompt #1

Engineering Preconceptions

• Engineers have to love math and science
• Most engineering occupations get paid extremely well
• It's difficult to earn a degree in this field
• Generally, engineers are stereotypical nerds (socially awkward, does calculus problems in their spare time, etc.)

By running through an introductory Engineering textbook, I was able to address a couple of my misconceptions about my field. The book appeared to be a really reliable and effective way to get a glimpse at the engineering field as a whole. It touched on some basic topics that helped clarify some things such as...

1. Descriptions of a handful of different engineering types
2. Communication/Teamwork in the field
3. Engineering Ethics

There is such a wide variety of engineering professions out there, and depending on the specific ones that interest you, it's definitely not necessary to be in love with math or even certain sciences. Sure, you need to take a lot of math and science courses to get your degree, so if it's a major struggle than maybe engineering isn't the best choice. However, when you get to the actual profession it's surprising that you don't have to know every single scientific and mathematic principle that exists. For example, if you really like physics but hate biology, Automotive engineers may appeal because they rarely even look at any biological aspects. If you aren't into complex math, there aren't many electrical or environmental engineers that solve differential equations every day at work. 

The stereotypical engineer is very shy and quiet, but plenty of engineers realize that it's extremely difficult to succeed in engineering with that type of approach. So much of the work done in engineering is done with a group or a project team. You need to be able to effectively communicate and be assertive in these types of situations. Engineers do have to deliver presentations occasionally as well. It doesn't look good if you come in, looking down at your feet and talking quietly the whole time. It's important to come across as approachable in the engineering field rather than someone who's distant and not concerned about other people's problems. 

Yes it's true that earning an engineering degree is not an easy task. But, some people in engineering only focus on specific topics and completing tasks logically without considering ethics or morality. For example, a mechanical engineer working for a car company might choose to design a vehicle with a cheaper material that's much easier to build with. However, this could prove to be a danger to the consumer who might be much less safe if a crash occurred. You can't just consider the efficiency and company's profits alone. This is why automotive engineers...

• have to crash test every model
• calculate the right place for airbags to deploy
• design effective seat-belts
• choose balanced material for every part of the vehicle... all to keep the passengers as safe as possible. 

You can see that engineering isn't just about broad topics that you learn about in the classroom, you also have to consider ethical principles as well. Of course, you're taught other ethical principles such as stealing, lying, or plagiarism, but there are obvious other issues that concern engineering specifically and play a big part in everyone's safety today. 

Overall, the textbook was extremely informative and answered a lot of my preconceptions about engineering. It really is an interesting field.

-Danny

Source: 

Stephan, Elizabeth A. Thinking like an Engineer: An Active Learning Approach. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2013. Print.

Geological Engineering

Geological Engineering

Geological engineering is a hybrid discipline that comprises elements of civil engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, and earth sciences. Geo-engineers work in areas of mining such as: mining, energy, infrastructure which is underground transportation systems and isolations of nuclear and hazardous wastes, environment which is groundwater flow.

Geological engineering is a application with a combination of geology and engineering science to design, involving rock, soil, groundwater and mineral resources

What do geological engineers do?

They carry out site investigations for dams, plants, roads, railways, housing projects, mines and quarries, pipelines, petroleum production, forestry operations and a variety of other things. They interact with civil engineers to design essential parts of projects. They prospect for minerals, building material resources and drinking water. They carry out hazard and risk assessments and mapping for landslides and earthquakes.  -DJ

Communication Engineering

Communication Engineering

Communication engineering is an discipline that brings together all electrical disciplines including computer engineering with systems to enhance telecommunication systems. A communication engineer may be involved in the following:

• The creation of video conferencing facilities which bring people from all over the world.

• The design and maintenance of satellites which bring TV, phones, and internet service into remote and rural regions

  Communication engineering may work and design on tiny troubleshoot circuits or may work with the technology that manages a city wide electrical grid. They may work in a lab or at the top of a cellular tower; they also may travel many times or remain in a central office. For some positions, engineers must also be certified by one or more advisory bodies. Communication engineers can work in highly sensitive roles and may be required to pass criminal or background investigations or obtain security clearances.

Mathematics and science is the key component of communication engineering. Also have other key skills including problem solving, analytical skills and organization. -DJ 

Prompt #3

Interviewing engineer

How long have you been working for ford? I've been working for ford for 15 years and I don't plan on moving away from them unless its another opportunity for me.

In high school I heard that engineering is hard, how did you overcome the difficulties in your classes? Well at first I was doing bad, I wasn't the best of a student but it worked out. I found out that I had many resources and I used them to my advantage.

What you think is going to be the biggest challenges for future engineers? I don't think its really going to be challenge for you all because you  have the web and all of this new technology. otherwise I think communication is going to be the biggest challenge

What do you do at your job exactly? I go to work sit in my office and play the game until one of the machines stop functioning right, then I go fix it.

In college, what do you think was the hardest thing about engineering? For a fact it was the math. Math isn't a joke so you really have to apply yourself.

What made you pick engineering of every other career? I like math and I felt like it best suited me. i never got bored with so I just kept on rolling with it.

If a person wishes to enter your field what characteristics must he/she display? You have to be a hands on type person and being humble about the job opportunity that you have.

A New Formula

For the 2017 F1 season, the rules and regulations are getting a complete update. And this time around, the word "update" can actually be used. Unlike the regulation change in 2014, that saw the cars switching from V8's to V6 Turbos, the 2017 rule change doesn't touch the engines. Cars in 2017 will still have the widely criticized power units, but now something might just make up for that. It is safe to say that the aero engineers and technical designers will have work on their hands for 2017.

To start, the tires will now be wider. The front tires are being raised from 245mm to 305mm. The rears are being bumped up even more heavily, from 305mm to 405mm. Pirelli, the F1 tire supplier, claims that this change alone will cut 4 to 5 seconds PER LAP. That is ridiculous, considering F1 cars are already tamed rocket ships.

The next part of the rule change is all about the aesthetics and aerodynamics of the cars. Starting at the front, the wrong will now be wider, and tapered toward the wheels, supposedly giving the cars a better look. But if you ignore the makeup, the wider wing will allow for much more downforce, again, making the cars even faster.

Moving back, the side-pods will get a new look as well. Again, they will be tapered back and away from the center of the car. This won't change airflow much, so this is strictly for aesthetic purposes.

Finally, the rear wing will be completely changed. It will now be lower, and wider. This will resemble the cars before the 2009 rule change. It will also make the cars see an increase in downforce, and a reduce in drag. The DRS (Drag-Reduction-System)will be effected as well, as the rear wing is much wider, DRS will be much more effective.

With so many changes on the cards for 2017, each team's aero designer will be tested to the max. The rules see changes for aerodynamics at nearly every corner of the car. Whoever can come up with the best formula for the new rules, will be rewarded by a strong year in 2017.

Writer: Pat Wilkinson

Prompt #7

There isn’t a ton of controversy associated with the engineering field as a whole. The general public recognizes that engineering is an important career, capable of solving some of the world’s most difficult problems. However, certain subcategories of engineering can bring about conflicting viewpoints as some engineering methods may be seen as unethical.

An obvious one that comes to mind is genetic engineering. Monsanto, a biotech company that specializes in Agriculture, created an artificial hormone for cows that stimulates milk production. Engineers and Scientists for Monsanto argue that the hormone reduces the strain placed on the environment by cow herds, which must eat enough grass to produce the right amount of milk each day (average of eight gallons per cow). Based on this, proponents would argue that…

• They’re actually saving grass by injecting cows with the hormone
• They could save as much as 6.6 billion gallons of water annually that would normally go to grass cultivation.
• Overall, the drug’s impact would be beneficial to the environment
• More milk production would lead to more profit

On the other hand, critics point to the studies that show the negative health effects that the hormone has on cows and humans. The opposing argument is as follows…

• Foot problems in cows as a side effect
• Mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary glands, another proven side effect
• Certain groups argue that the hormone in our milk could negatively impact the human immune system
• Already banned in the EU and Canada for the above reasons

Both arguments are compelling, making it pretty difficult for some to take a definitive stance on the issue. It’s evident that certain types of engineering do bring about controversy. There are plenty of other controversies relating to genetic engineering that extend much further than this lone example, so if you were interested in this argument feel free to do some added research.

By: Danny

Source: "Genetic Engineering." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2014. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.,
http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&action=2&catId=GALE%7C00000000LVWS&documentId=GALE%7CPC3021900072&userGroupName=mlin_m_framhs&source=Bookmark&u=mlin_m_framhs&jsid=65c21b1c763218bbed4f53729512bf12

Image Cite:  http://www.foodandpower.net/tag/monsanto/